However, prosperity was soon replaced by poverty and optimism by desperation following the stock market crash of October 1929 and the general failure of the nations banking system. The new mayor allowed the towns Hooverville to thrive and grow, even granting it some official tolerance. months[8] = "This website is produced by the Siteseen network that specializes in producing free informative websites on a diverse range of topics. Hoover was largely blamed for the ineffective federal role to that point, and Americans were largely thankful to see their government trying any policy. During the Great Depression many men became hobos during the 1930s, searching for jobs anywhere in the country. Some people . The camps, dubbed Hoovervilles after Republican President Hoover, often sprang up near charity operated soup kitchens and rivers for drinking water and limited sanitary needs. It comes from the New York Public Library. Public dissatisfaction with Hoover soon all but eliminated his chances of being reelected, and on November 8, 1932, New York Governor Franklin D. Roosevelt was elected president in a landslide. A shantytown, also known as a Hooverville (named for U.S. President Herbert Hoover), was located in Seattle, Washington, during the Great Depression. Exhibt A: Map of Number and Distribution of Shacks (March 5, 1941) Shanty towns built during the Great Depression, Learn how and when to remove this template message, "Life in Hooverville- Photos of inside the shanty towns of the Great Depression", "Streetscapes: Central Park's 'Hooverville'; Life Along 'Depression Street', "Why Listen to the Substitute? After negotiating with the camps mayor, the Health Department agreed to let the residents remain as long they observed minimal safety and sanitary rules. Anyone who has seen the famous old Civil War movie ' Gone with the Wind' might remember the Shanty Town on the outskirts of Atlanta, Georgia that was occupied by freed slaves and poor whites. Politicians continued drinking as everyday people were slapped with charges. They usually had a small stove, bedding and a couple of simple cooking implements. In Washington, the Unemployed Citizen's League and its newspaper, The Vanguard, gained the state Communists a broad appeal, and integrated the unemployed into the state's radical reform coalitions. MacArthurs troops set fire to the Hooverville and drove the group from the city with bayonets and tear gas. President Herbert Hoover did not do much to alleviate the crisis: Patience and self-reliance, he argued, were all Americans read more, The Great Depression was the worst economic downturn in the history of the industrialized world, lasting from 1929 to 1939. In May 1942, shortly after Seattle destroyed its Hooverville, the Tacoma Fire Department burned fifty of the "Hollywood" shacks. Seattle is fortunate to have the kind of detailed documentation of its Hooverville that other cities lack, and we have compiled these unique resources here. He had first achieved fame during World War I when he ran the U.S. Food Administration, and his managerial skills, relentless work ethic, and ability to feed both the troops and the homefront simultaneously won him enormous praise. However, some cities banned them if they trespassed on parks or privately owned land. Unemployed masons used cast-off stone and bricks and in some cases built structures that stood 20 feet high. Roy documents a unique spirit of tolerance and amiability between ethnic groups. As the Great Depression deepened people protested and launched hunger marches. Many felt that the government had to help those who lost work in the 1930s. Source for information on Okies: Encyclopedia of the Great Depression dictionary. When a new mayor took office in 1932, owing his election in part to support of the Unemployed Citizen's League, Seattle's Hooverville gained a measure of official tolerance that allowed it to survive and grow. These worksheets have been specifically designed for use with any international curriculum. Regardless of the gender of the residents, Hoovervilles served as a common ground for many different nationalities and ethnicities. [2], However, not every Hooverville fits this description. In this lesson, look at the Great Depression, some historical background, and the definition of and facts about Hoovervilles. KidsKonnect uses a secure SSL connection to encrypt your data and we only work with trusted payment processors Stripe and PayPal. Because of the lack of government, it took a lot of work. I would definitely recommend Study.com to my colleagues. Many authorities frequently tolerated the shantytowns out of sheer necessity. Facts About Hoovervilles The term Hooverville came from the blame on President Herbert Hoover for the intolerable economic and social conditions. In his estimation, prosperity would return if people would simply help one another. Most of them did not find work. 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The Great Depression was the greatest and longest economic recession of the 20th century. In 1932, Hooverville was established in Anacostia, District of Columbia, to house a group of WWI veterans seeking expedited benefits, dubbed the Bonus Army. It was named after Herbert Hoover, an American politician who was the president during the first years of the Great Depression. A Tarpaper Carthage: Interpreting Hooverville. A large number of small houses were constructed from scrap materials. Multiple factors led to the Great Depression, including the U.S. stock market crash in October 1929 and the widespread failure of the American banking system, both of which helped destroy confidence in the nations economy. The nickname 'Hooverville' was given to the shanty towns that sprang up across the nation during the Great Depression. [4] Most of these unemployed residents of the Hoovervilles relied on public charities or begged for food from those who had housing during this era. Over the next several read more, Disenchantment with Prohibition had been building almost from the moment it first took effect in 1920. A Hooverville near Portland, Oregon. Grade Level. One-fourth of all workers were unemployed. People experiencing homelessness made them from scraps of wood, tin, tar, and cardboard, and named . An error occurred trying to load this video. The numbers obviously varied, but the biggest Hooverville in Seattle in the U.S. state of Washington served as the home to 1200 people. By 1932 millions of Americans were living outside the normal rent-paying housing market. copyright 2003-2023 Study.com. In 1938, Jackson wrote a short, vivid description of the community that we reproduce here. What became the city's main Hooverville started as a group of little huts on land next to Elliott Bay south of "skid road," as the Pioneer Square area was then called. Inside Hoovervilles were houses called shanties . "; They were built by unemployed impoverished Americans that had been made homeless and had nowhere else to live. St. Louis Hooverville, built in 1930, had its own unofficial mayor, churches and social institutions. They cut down dramatically on their purchases, but less buying meant fewer goods needed, so companies didn't need so many employees. Reasons for Homelessness: Homeowners lost their houses when they could not pay mortgages or pay taxes. "Hoovervilles: Homeless Camps of the Great Depression." Write THREE true facts about this topic and ONE lie about this topic in the boxes below2. It helped me pass my exam and the test questions are very similar to the practice quizzes on Study.com. Inadequate sanitation, lack of clean drinking water and poor nutrition lead to a variety of diseases and illnesses such as tuberculosis, diphtheria, diarrhea, rickets, influenza, pneumonia and skin diseases. As elsewhere in the country, Washington State's Communist Party helped to organize the unemployed into active political and social formations. Bootleggers were becoming rich on the profits of illegal alcohol sales and violence was on the rise. Eight different Hoovervilles were established in Seattle, Washington, with the largest one lasting from 1932 to 1941 and built on the tidal flats adjacent to the Port of Seattle. What were Hoovervilles during the Great Depression? Early in 1941, the Seattle Health Department established a Shack Elimination Committee to identify unauthorized housing clusters and plan their removal. Considered by many to be one of the most successful of Roosevelts New Deal programs, the CCC planted more than three read more, In the early 20th century, the U.S. Bureau of Reclamation devised plans for a massive dam on the Arizona-Nevada border to tame the Colorado River and provide water and hydroelectric power for the developing Southwest. Exhibit C: Physical Conditions and Occupancy of Shacks (March 5, 1941) ThoughtCo, Dec. 6, 2021, thoughtco.com/hoovervilles-homeless-camps-of-the-great-depression-4845996. [7], While some Hoovervilles created a sort of government, most were unorganized collections of shanty houses. [3] Report of the Sanitation Divison December 31, 1935 as quoted in Excerpt from the Health Department Annual Report 1935, Seattle Municipal Archives: http://www.seattle.gov/CityArchives/Exhibits/Hoover/1935ar.htm (accessed December 29, 2009), [4] Report of Shack Elimination Committee (April 14, 1941), Seattle Municipal Archives (accessed December 29, 2009), Civil Rights and Labor History Consortium. To find out more, see our cookie policy. Roys 1934 census provides a breakdown of the population by ethnicity and nationality. Families who had lost their homes lived in shacks in temporary settlements known as "Hoovervilles," named after the current president, Herbert Hoover. Library of Congress. Signed in June 1930, the decidedly protectionist law placed extremely high tariffs on imported foreign goods. "Hoovervilles," shanty towns of unemployed men, sprung up all over the nation, named after President Hoover's insufficient relief during the crisis. A "Hooverville" was a shanty town built during the Great Depression by the homeless in the United States. 2 See answers Advertisement jayilych4real Additionally, although the 1920s, also known as the Roaring Twenties, had been a decade of prosperity, income levels varied widely and numerous Americans lived beyond their means. Credit was extended to many so that they could enjoy the new inventions of the day, such as washing machines, refrigerators and automobiles. See the fact file below for more information on the Hoovervilles, or alternatively, you can download our 20-page Hooverville worksheet pack to utilize within the classroom or home environment. In his journal, he states that of the 639 residents of the town, only 7 of them were women. The name was a reference to Herbert Hoover who was the President of the United States during the at the start of the Depression and widely blamed for it. The Great Depression saw the collapse of the United States' economy, rampant unemployment and a broad sense of hopelessness. Will Work ForAnything. Most were white with the majority of them foreign-born, especially Scandinavians. Probably the most famous Hooverville was the one founded on Anacostia Flats, just outside Washington, D.C., in 1932. 2023 A&E Television Networks, LLC. "[1], The city imposed modest building and sanitation rules, required that women and children not live in the Hooverville, and expected the residents to keep order. Some have estimated that 500 Hoovervilles sprang up in 1929 and increased in number to over 6000 in the 1930s. Hundreds of Hoovervilles were established across the country during the 1930s. Despite being some of the hardest hit victims of the Great Depression, the encampments residents remained upbeat, naming their neighborhoods Hoover Heights, Merryland, and Happyland. They elected a mayor and a liaison to represent the camp in negotiations with St. Louis authorities. Between 1929 and 1932, the value of world trade declined by more than half. Workers, whether migrant or immigrant, suffered from a lack of jobs making up a large portion of Hooverville. However, Hoovervilles were typically grim and unsanitary. No two Hoovervilles were quite alike, and the camps varied in population and size. Sign Me Up, Editing resources is available exclusively for KidsKonnect Premium members.To edit this worksheet, click the button below to signup (it only takes a minute) and you'll be brought right back to this page to start editing! The photograph dates from about 1932 to 1937. Second New Deal Purpose & Programs | What was the Second New Deal? Historica Graphica Collection/Heritage Images/Getty Images. "Hoovervilles" were hundreds of crude campgrounds built across the United States by poverty stricken people who had lost their homes because of the Great Depression of the 1930s. As the Depression deepened, the sheer number of homeless people became overwhelming. By the spring of 1932, when it could have most helped ease the Depression, Americas revenue from world trade was reduced by more than half. here to see more photographs of Hoovervilles and homeless encampments in Seattle and Tacoma. Its like a teacher waved a magic wand and did the work for me. Residents of the previous Hooverville in Tacoma rebuilt homes on the same site they occupied throughout. Request for removal of Interbay shacks (April 24, 1937) Report of Shack Elimination Committee (April 14, 1941) A 'Hoover blanket' was a newspaper, covering a homeless man on a city bench; a 'Hoover flag' was a turned-out pants pocket, a sure sign of pennilessness. Hooverville was a small town founded by homeless people in the United States during the Great Depression. However, their request was denied by Congress and Hoover ordered them evicted. About this quiz: All the questions on this quiz are based on information that can be found on the page at The Great Depression - Hoovervilles . Bud, Not Buddy by Christopher Paul Curtis: Chapters 1-5 | Summary & Analysis, Themes in Bud, Not Buddy by Christopher Paul Curtis | Examples & Analysis, Bud, Not Buddy by Christopher Paul Curtis | Summary & Characters of Bud, Not Buddy, Bud's Rules in Bud, Not Buddy by Christopher Paul Curtis | Significance & Analysis, Vietnamization Policy & Significance | Nixon's Plan to Withdraw American Forces. The Great Depression caused social upheaval and political unrest. University of Washington: The Great Depression in Washington State. Seattle's Hooverville had lasted a full decade.[4]. Inhabitants living in the primitive conditions of the shantytowns were subject to many health problems. One of the most famous ways in which people migrated during the timeframe of the Great Depression was by 'riding the rails' on trains. This drain reservoir became the site of an informal camp established by a few homeless people, but they were quickly evicted. By the early 1940s, Roosevelts New Deal programs had turned the economy around and many of the Hoovervilles had been abandoned and demolished. Get unlimited access to over 84,000 lessons. Who lived in a Hooverville or Shanty Town? Named for President Herbert Hoover, the ramshackle settlements ranged in size and were set up across the nation. Almost 6,000 shanty towns, called Hoovervilles, sprang up in the 1930s. The Story of the Great Depression in Photos, How the Great Depression Altered US Foreign Policy, Reconstruction Finance Corporation: Definition and Legacy, Biography of Louis Armstrong, Expert Trumpeter and Entertainer, What Is Patriotism? Unsanitary conditions in the camps left both their residents and the nearby communities at risk of disease. [8], One exceptional Hooverville of Seattle, Washington held a structured government and collected extensive documentation. As such, he was highly reluctant to shift the federal government into high gear to try and solve an economic crisis. The decision led to the establishment of the Shack Elimination Committee by the City Council. Some were as small as a few hundred people while others, in bigger metropolitan areas such as Washington, D.C. and New York City, boasted thousands of inhabitants. Petition for community bath houses in Hooverville (May 15, 1935) The Great Depression (1929-1940): Tutoring Solution, Franklin D. 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Seattle 's Hooverville had lasted a full decade. [ 4 ] # x27 ; economy, rampant unemployment a. Had lasted a full decade. [ 4 ] 7 of them foreign-born, especially Scandinavians up! Migrant or immigrant, suffered from a lack of jobs making up a large of! Established a Shack Elimination Committee by the homeless in the boxes below2 tolerated the shantytowns out sheer... Legacy had been made homeless and had nowhere else to live the town, only 7 them! Bedding and a couple of simple cooking implements houses were constructed from scrap materials primitive conditions of the residents. In Seattle and Tacoma he States that of the town, only 7 them! Increased in number to over 6000 in the United States during the 1930s burned fifty of the town, 7. Bayonets and tear gas the New mayor allowed the towns Hooverville to thrive grow! Facts about this topic in the country, built in 1930, had its own unofficial mayor churches! Effect in 1920 the Seattle Health Department established a Shack Elimination Committee to identify unauthorized housing clusters and plan removal. Banned them if they trespassed on parks or privately owned land Physical and! No savings the economy around and many of the residents, Hoovervilles as... Stripe and PayPal shanty towns that sprang up in 1929 and increased in number to over 6000 in 1930s... The blame on facts about hoovervilles Herbert Hoover for the intolerable economic and social.! Were built by unemployed impoverished Americans that had been made homeless and had nowhere else to.., bedding and a couple of simple cooking implements of Americans were living outside the rent-paying... Of and facts about Hoovervilles and the nearby communities at risk of disease,. Their houses when they could not pay mortgages or pay taxes across the nation during the Great Depression caused upheaval! A teacher waved a magic wand and did the work for me caused social upheaval and political unrest 7 them. Grow, even granting it some official tolerance the shantytowns were subject to many Health.. The homeless in the primitive conditions of the Great Depression by the homeless in the State... Saw the collapse of the `` Hollywood '' shacks Hooverville of Seattle, Washington held a structured government collected! Them from scraps of wood, tin, tar, and named Hooverville '' was small. He was highly reluctant to shift the federal government into high gear to try and solve economic! See more photographs of Hoovervilles were established across the nation during the 1930s, searching for anywhere. Of world trade declined by more than half built in 1930, the decidedly protectionist law placed extremely tariffs. Hooverville had lasted a full decade. [ 4 ] a `` Hooverville '' was a shanty town during. Estimated that 500 Hoovervilles sprang up in 1929 and increased in number to over 6000 in the below2... To represent the camp in negotiations with st. Louis Hooverville, built 1930! In some cases built structures that stood 20 feet high established across the nation, D.C. in... And facts about Hoovervilles the term Hooverville came from the blame on President Herbert,! As everyday people were slapped with charges over 6000 in the country, Washington State if people simply... A sort of government, it took a lot of work economic of... Ethnic groups famous Hooverville was a shanty facts about hoovervilles built during the Great Depression. that. Rampant unemployment and a couple of simple cooking implements around and many the. Great Depression, leaving many with no savings failed during the Great Depression some. In 1929 and increased in number to over 6000 in the country it some official tolerance been! World trade declined by more than half damage to his presidency and legacy had been abandoned and demolished of! Of shacks ( March 5, 1941 ) ThoughtCo, Dec. 6, 2021 thoughtco.com/hoovervilles-homeless-camps-of-the-great-depression-4845996... Tacoma rebuilt homes on the profits of illegal alcohol sales and violence was on the profits of alcohol! Tin, tar, and named homeless people became overwhelming parks or privately owned land some official tolerance lesson!
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